\n"},"body":{"processed":"
Italy, together with Iceland, has the greatest concentration of active volcanoes in Europe and is one of the first in the world for the number of inhabitants exposed to volcanic risk. Active or potentially active volcanoes are situated in southern Italy with varying degrees of hazard.
\nThose who live or are in the volcanic zone must be informed about their local authority’s emergency plan, to be able to follow the Civil Protection authorities’ instructions on what to do in cases of eruptions and any eventual evacuation operations, if required.
\nWrong information can be easily communicated during a crisis, with the risk of hampering the rescue work. For this reason it is important to follow the civil protection authorities’ instructions transmitted by radio, TV, in the daily press, on Internet and by the various toll-free numbers that will be set up.
\nDuring eruptions, it is also important not heed the forbidden to enter signs at the areas involved by the eruption. It is dangerous to approach the crater area even if there is no eruptive activity as sudden explosive phenomena o gas emissions are always possible.
\nSpecific instructions on what to do can be found below.
\n\n
\n"},"fields":{"slug":"/approfondimento/are-you-prepared-volcanic-risk/"},"field_tabella":null,"relationships":{"field_sottodominio":{"name":"Rischi"},"field_riferimento_traduzione":{"fields":{"slug":"/vulcanico/sei-preparato/"}},"field_immagine_singola":null,"field_mappa":null,"field_accordion":[{"field_titolo":"In case of lava falls","field_tabella":null,"field_testo":{"processed":"
Do not walk near an active lava flow even when it flows regularly. It is very hot and releases gases. Also, it can produce incandescent boulders and sudden explosions.
\nEven at the end of the eruption, do not walk on the surface of a lava flow. The flows retain their heat for years.
\n","value":"Do not walk near an active lava flow even when it flows regularly. It is very hot and releases gases. Also, it can produce incandescent boulders and sudden explosions.
\r\n\r\nEven at the end of the eruption, do not walk on the surface of a lava flow. The flows retain their heat for years.
\r\n"},"relationships":{"field_immagine":null,"field_video":null,"field_link_interni":[]},"drupal_internal__id":15353},{"field_titolo":"In case of vulcanic bomb","field_tabella":null,"field_testo":{"processed":"Find information about the location of your building and if it is subject to fallout of coarse materials. It is a phenomenon very destructive for the buildings that do not constitute a valid shelter in these cases.
\nCheck the emergency plan of your municipality and prepare for a possible evacuation. The removal from the area is the only possible form of defense.
\n","value":"Find information about the location of your building and if it is subject to fallout of coarse materials. It is a phenomenon very destructive for the buildings that do not constitute a valid shelter in these cases.
\r\n\r\nCheck the emergency plan of your municipality and prepare for a possible evacuation. The removal from the area is the only possible form of defense.
\r\n"},"relationships":{"field_immagine":null,"field_video":null,"field_link_interni":[]},"drupal_internal__id":15354},{"field_titolo":"In case of fall of volcanic ashes","field_tabella":null,"field_testo":{"processed":"Volcanic ash fallout, even for prolonged periods, does not pose a serious health risk. However, prolonged exposure to the finest ash (less than 10 microns) may cause moderate respiratory distress. Also, eye contact may cause conjunctivitis and corneal abrasions. Therefore, it is advisable to take some precautions and assume appropriate behaviors to reduce exposure, especially for some categories of subjects: people suffering from chronic respiratory diseases (asthma, emphysema, etc..); people suffering from cardiovascular disorders; elderly people and children.
\nDuring the phases of the ash fall (or during windy days if the ash is already on the ground) it is advisable to stay indoors with the windows closed or go out taking care to wear a mask for protection from dust and possibly dust glasses. These self-protection devices are particularly suitable for the categories at risk and for those who carry out professional activities outdoors
\nIn case of eye contact avoid rubbing the eyes, and wash them with plenty of water
\nPeriodically remove the ashes from their environments, being careful to wet the surface beforehand, in order to avoid the lifting and re-suspension of the thinner parts. During these operations, wear the protective equipment.
\nPeriodically remove the ashes accumulated on the roofs of the houses, with the help of appropriate safety equipment (scaffolding and harnesses), to avoid an excessive overload on the roofs and prevent possible collapses, as well as the clogging of the eaves channels
\nDo not spread the ashes along the roads, collect them in bags to deposit in the collecting points identified by the municipality. Ashes can clog water and sewer networks and constitute a danger to road traffic.
\nDrive with particular caution on stretches of road covered with ash
\nAvoid the use of motorcycles
\nFruit and vegetables that may be covered with ash can be consumed after a careful washing
\nPets (dogs, cats, etc.) shall stay indoors
\nVolcanic ash ingested by grazing animals can cause serious consequences on the digestive system. Therefore, in case of abundant ash fall, it is advisable to supply the livestock with ash-free fodder
\n\n","value":"
Volcanic ash fallout, even for prolonged periods, does not pose a serious health risk. However, prolonged exposure to the finest ash (less than 10 microns) may cause moderate respiratory distress. Also, eye contact may cause conjunctivitis and corneal abrasions. Therefore, it is advisable to take some precautions and assume appropriate behaviors to reduce exposure, especially for some categories of subjects: people suffering from chronic respiratory diseases (asthma, emphysema, etc..); people suffering from cardiovascular disorders; elderly people and children.
\r\n\r\nDuring the phases of the ash fall (or during windy days if the ash is already on the ground) it is advisable to stay indoors with the windows closed or go out taking care to wear a mask for protection from dust and possibly dust glasses. These self-protection devices are particularly suitable for the categories at risk and for those who carry out professional activities outdoors
\r\n\r\nIn case of eye contact avoid rubbing the eyes, and wash them with plenty of water
\r\n\r\nPeriodically remove the ashes from their environments, being careful to wet the surface beforehand, in order to avoid the lifting and re-suspension of the thinner parts. During these operations, wear the protective equipment.
\r\n\r\nPeriodically remove the ashes accumulated on the roofs of the houses, with the help of appropriate safety equipment (scaffolding and harnesses), to avoid an excessive overload on the roofs and prevent possible collapses, as well as the clogging of the eaves channels
\r\n\r\nDo not spread the ashes along the roads, collect them in bags to deposit in the collecting points identified by the municipality. Ashes can clog water and sewer networks and constitute a danger to road traffic.
\r\n\r\nDrive with particular caution on stretches of road covered with ash
\r\n\r\nAvoid the use of motorcycles
\r\n\r\nFruit and vegetables that may be covered with ash can be consumed after a careful washing
\r\n\r\nPets (dogs, cats, etc.) shall stay indoors
\r\n\r\nVolcanic ash ingested by grazing animals can cause serious consequences on the digestive system. Therefore, in case of abundant ash fall, it is advisable to supply the livestock with ash-free fodder
\r\n\r\n\r\n"},"relationships":{"field_immagine":null,"field_video":null,"field_link_interni":[]},"drupal_internal__id":15355},{"field_titolo":"In case of gas emmissions","field_tabella":null,"field_testo":{"processed":"
Avoid stopping or camping in volcanic areas or entering underground environments. Carbon dioxide is an odorless gas heavier than air and lethal in high concentrations.
\nDon't think you are safe if you camp far from the crater area. There may be gas emissions in more distant areas as well.
\n","value":"Avoid stopping or camping in volcanic areas or entering underground environments. Carbon dioxide is an odorless gas heavier than air and lethal in high concentrations.
\r\n\r\nDon't think you are safe if you camp far from the crater area. There may be gas emissions in more distant areas as well.
\r\n"},"relationships":{"field_immagine":null,"field_video":null,"field_link_interni":[]},"drupal_internal__id":15356},{"field_titolo":"In case of pyroclastic flows","field_tabella":null,"field_testo":{"processed":"Prepare for possible evacuation. The only defense against this type of flow is preventive removal from the area that could be affected by eruption.
\n","value":"Prepare for possible evacuation. The only defense against this type of flow is preventive removal from the area that could be affected by eruption.
\r\n"},"relationships":{"field_immagine":null,"field_video":null,"field_link_interni":[]},"drupal_internal__id":15357},{"field_titolo":"In case of muslides","field_tabella":null,"field_testo":{"processed":"Follow the civil protection plan showing waiting areas and move away from areas at risk. The ash can trigger dangerous mudflows that spill along waterways.
\n","value":"Follow the civil protection plan showing waiting areas and move away from areas at risk. The ash can trigger dangerous mudflows that spill along waterways.
\r\n"},"relationships":{"field_immagine":null,"field_video":null,"field_link_interni":[]},"drupal_internal__id":15358}],"field_tab":[],"field_immagine_dettaglio":{"field_alt":"Sei preparato Rischio Vulcanico","field_didascalia":"Sei preparato Rischio Vulcanico","field_titolo_esteso":"Sei preparato Rischio Vulcanico","relationships":{"image":{"localFile":{"publicURL":"/static/1f336d83a23888f8e931cec4f2edce33/vulc-prep-eng.jpg","childImageSharp":{"fluid":{"aspectRatio":1.5027322404371584,"src":"/static/1f336d83a23888f8e931cec4f2edce33/7bc87/vulc-prep-eng.jpg","srcSet":"/static/1f336d83a23888f8e931cec4f2edce33/cf463/vulc-prep-eng.jpg 275w,\n/static/1f336d83a23888f8e931cec4f2edce33/7bc87/vulc-prep-eng.jpg 376w","sizes":"(max-width: 376px) 100vw, 376px"}}}}}},"field_immagine_anteprima":null,"field_galleria_flickr":null,"field_galleria_foto":null,"field_galleria_video":null,"field_allegati":[],"field_correlazioni":[{"__typename":"node__approfondimento","title":"Are you prepared? Volcanic risk at the Phlegrean Fields","field_titolo_esteso":"Are you prepared? Volcanic risk at the Phlegrean Fields","body":null,"field_abstract":null,"field_data":"2019-10-16T20:13:00+02:00","field_categoria_primaria":"approfondimento","field_codice_lingua":true,"fields":{"slug":"/approfondimento/rules-conduct-phlegrean-fields/"},"relationships":{"field_sottodominio":{"name":"Portale"},"field_immagine_anteprima":null,"field_immagine_dettaglio":null}},{"__typename":"node__approfondimento","title":"Are you prepared? Volcanic risk at Stromboli","field_titolo_esteso":"Are you prepared? Volcanic risk at Stromboli","body":{"processed":"These contents stem from the collaboration between the Department of Civil Protection, the Sicilian Region and Ingv - National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology. They have been elaborated as part of the 2022 edition of the national communication campaign I don't take risks. Last update is from 2025.
\n","value":"These contents stem from the collaboration between the Department of Civil Protection, the Sicilian Region and Ingv - National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology. They have been elaborated as part of the 2022 edition of the national communication campaign I don't take risks. Last update is from 2025.
\r\n"},"field_abstract":null,"field_data":"2022-10-10T17:26:39+02:00","field_categoria_primaria":"approfondimento","field_codice_lingua":true,"fields":{"slug":"/approfondimento/rules-conduct-stromboli-0/"},"relationships":{"field_sottodominio":{"name":"Portale"},"field_immagine_anteprima":null,"field_immagine_dettaglio":null}},{"__typename":"node__approfondimento","title":"Are you prepared? Volcanic risk at Vulcano Island","field_titolo_esteso":"Are you prepared? Volcanic risk at Vulcano Island","body":{"processed":"The following contents arise from the collaboration between the Civil Protection Department, the Sicilian Region and the Vesuvian and Etnean Observatories of Ingv - National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology. The content has been developed for the National exercise Vulcano 2022, and also in view of the national communication campaign I don't take risks Volcano Island.
\nThe rules of conduct refer specifically to each operational phase (attention, early warning and alarm) that the Civil Protection Department adopts, together with the Sicilian Region, to cope with changes in the state of activity of the volcano.
\n
The following contents arise from the collaboration between the Civil Protection Department, the Sicilian Region and the Vesuvian and Etnean Observatories of Ingv - National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology. The content has been developed for the National exercise Vulcano 2022, and also in view of the national communication campaign I don't take risks Volcano Island.
\r\n\r\nThe rules of conduct refer specifically to each operational phase (attention, early warning and alarm) that the Civil Protection Department adopts, together with the Sicilian Region, to cope with changes in the state of activity of the volcano.
\r\n
Volcanic ash are small magma particles, of less than 2mm in diameter, which are emitted into the atmosphere, cooled and consolidated, during an eruption. They are composed mainly of silicates and therefore are extremely abrasive.
\nWhy they are dangerous. Volcanic ash are particularly insidious due to the difficulty to be seen. In fact, in case of cloud cover, dark night, or simply when dilute (eg at a certain distance from the point of emission), they are hardly distinguishable from the normal atmospheric clouds. In addition, normal radars used for air navigation are not able to locate them because of their small size.
\nDamages to airplanes. A plane that passes through an area affected by the presence of volcanic ash, even in very small quantities, is subject to abrasion of its surface, and in particular the cockpit. This could result in opacification of the glass and, consequently, it would reduce to zero visibility from the driver.
\nMoreover, volcanic ash - melting at a lower temperature than the normal operating temperature of the jet engine - in contact with the turbines, can melt and weld on their surfaces, causing occlusion of ventilation holes and disrupting the smooth operation of engines, and - worst case scenario - may determine the most serious cases imprisonment.
\nAsh and volcanic gas can also interfere with electronics on board, also producing a strong smell of sulphur inside the aircraft.
\nPrevention. During the Nineties, 9 VAAC - Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre were established with the task of supplying information to air traffic managing boards of each State on the presence and dispersion of volcanic ash in the atmosphere around the world.
\n","value":"Volcanic ash are small magma particles, of less than 2mm in diameter, which are emitted into the atmosphere, cooled and consolidated, during an eruption. They are composed mainly of silicates and therefore are extremely abrasive.
\r\n
\r\nWhy they are dangerous. Volcanic ash are particularly insidious due to the difficulty to be seen. In fact, in case of cloud cover, dark night, or simply when dilute (eg at a certain distance from the point of emission), they are hardly distinguishable from the normal atmospheric clouds. In addition, normal radars used for air navigation are not able to locate them because of their small size.
\r\n
\r\nDamages to airplanes. A plane that passes through an area affected by the presence of volcanic ash, even in very small quantities, is subject to abrasion of its surface, and in particular the cockpit. This could result in opacification of the glass and, consequently, it would reduce to zero visibility from the driver.
\r\n
\r\nMoreover, volcanic ash - melting at a lower temperature than the normal operating temperature of the jet engine - in contact with the turbines, can melt and weld on their surfaces, causing occlusion of ventilation holes and disrupting the smooth operation of engines, and - worst case scenario - may determine the most serious cases imprisonment.
\r\n
\r\nAsh and volcanic gas can also interfere with electronics on board, also producing a strong smell of sulphur inside the aircraft.
\r\n
\r\nPrevention. During the Nineties, 9 VAAC - Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre were established with the task of supplying information to air traffic managing boards of each State on the presence and dispersion of volcanic ash in the atmosphere around the world.